Electric Vehicles important question part 2

 

1)   1)   Write down a detailed technical specification of any Electric Car in the market. Also define the terms in the technical specifications.

 

Ans:-Technical specifications of tata tigor ev:-

 

       Performamce of battery:-

       Motor…. 72 V 3-Phase AC Induction Motor

       Emission….Zero Tailpipe Emission

       Max. Power (kW @ r/min)….30 kW @ 4500 r/min

       Max. Torque (Nm @ r/min)….105 Nm @ 2500 r/min

       Battery Capacity (kWh)….21.5

       Transmission….Single Speed, Automatic

       Gradeability…. 9.8 Deg

       Regenerative Braking….Yes

       AC Charging Standard….BEVC-AC001

       DC Fast Charging Standard….BEVC-DC001

       Normal Charging Time (0%-100%)….11.5 hrs^*

       Fast Charging Time (0%-80% with 15 kW charger)….2 hrs^*

       Max Speed (km/h)….80

       Certified Full Charge range (as per MIDC Cycle) (km)….213

 

Dimension:-

      Steering....Electrically Power Assisted

 

      Define the terms in the technical specifications

 

      Motor:-An electric motor is an electric machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. Most electric motors generate forces in the form of torque applied to the motor shaft through the interaction between the magnetic field of the motor and the rotating electric current of a wire.

      Max. Power &Max.Torque:-Engine power or horsepower is the maximum power that any engine can operate.The Tiger EV now uses a 21.5 kWh power train that runs a 72V 3-phase AC induction motor. The motor can produce 41PS and 105Nm of peak torque of maximum power.

      Battery Capacity :-If we use a regular charger, it takes 11.5 hours for 0-100 percent battery recharge.

      Transmission :-It is available with automatic transmission.

      AC Charging:-As we can see, in case of normal charging, the battery in Tata Tiger EV takes 11.5 hours to charge from 0 to 100 percent. The 15kW fast charger allows the battery to be charged from 0 to 80 percent in just 2 hours.

      DC  Fast Charging:-The car mentioned here, the Tata Tigo EV can be charged from a standard AC socket (can be charged at home), the DC fast charging battery takes about 90 minutes to go from 0 to 80 percent.

2)    Write down the commercial analysis of Electric Car, such as Price, Taxes, Availability, Dealers, Auto Loan etc.

 

Ans:-Tata Tigor EV price in Agartala :-Tata Tigor EV price in Agartala starts from Rs. 10.54 lakh and goes upto Rs. 10.86 lakh.(Taxes include)

 

Tata Dealer Showrooms in Agartala:-Niladri Motors,Chanpur Math, Kashipur Agartala, Tripura 799008 .

         Based on power output, the market has been segmented s follows :-

       Less than 100 KW

       100-250 KW

       Above 250 KW

Demand for increased vehicle range per charge:-

       Recent developments have shown a tremendous increase in vehicle range on a single charge. 

          Avaliable Customization :-With the given market data, Markets offers customizations in accordance to the company’s specific needs.

       Electric Vehicle Charging Market, By power output type at country level

       Electric Vehicle Charging Market, By application type at country level

 

3. Make a techno – commercial comparison between Electric car & Diesel car of the same teatures.

Ans:-  In comparison of EVs & DC we get :-

      Expensive to buy

      Limited range

      Extensive time to recharge

      Scarcity  of recharging points

      Where as in DC we get

      More expensive than gasoline to buy

      Volatile fuel price

      Oil is a finite resource

      Insurance is higher for diesel engine rather than petrol engines , by up to 15% Because they cost more to replace or repair.

 

Electric Vehicles important question part 1

 

1)    What is EV? Its basic working principle and theory. Its types. Its operations and specifications. Other basic information.

Ans:- Electric vehicles (EV) also referred to as an electric drive vehicles in which one or more electric motors are used for propulsion.

Working principle:-

The electric vehicle by the power of rechargeable batteries that power an electric motor which turn the wheels.

The electric vehicle is operated and powered by rechargeable batteries and an electric motor. A controller is also used for operating the speed of the motor or the vehicle. The controller also gets its power for batteries.

 

There are four types of electric vehicles:

Ø  BEV - Battery Electric Vehicle

Ø  PHEV – (Plug-In) Hybrid Electric Vehicle

Ø  HEV – Hybrid Electric Vehicle

Ø  FCEV – Fuel-cell Electric Vehicle

 

Operation:-

Electric vehicles are operated with the help of electric motors and rechargeable batteries. A multi functional controller is used which is used to control the speed of the vehicles and can be used for turning ON/OFF the motor.

 

Other basic information:-

 

Electric vehicles have sensors  which are used in the controller which helps the electric vehicle to improve its performance. 

 

2)    How does EV save the environment? If so, then explain the detailed connection.

Ans:- EV save the environment because EVs do not requires any fossil fuel as a result no harmful gases are produced by EVs. Some harmful gases like carbon di-oxide (CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) effects the environment and damages the atmospheric layers and also effects on human body.

 So EVs are Eco friendly and can save the environment because EVs required only electric current insterd of fossil fuel. 

3)  Why is EV still expensive for many individuals? What can be done to reduce its price?

Ans:- Electric vehicles is still expensive for many industrial because the materials which are used in the vehicles i.c; battery, motor, controller are very expensive. Since fuel type engines are used by public that why the price of electric vehicles are very high.

 More and more electric vehicle should be used because if the production of these vehicles is high then the price of electric vehicles will be low.

 

4)  How is EV Car design different from conventional diesel car design?

Ans:-  i) Electric vehicles works by the power of electric current but a diesel car runs by the power of diesel.

        ii) The engine of an electric vehicle draws power from battery which creates a magnetic force but diesel car produces power by combusting the fuel in it. 

 

5)  How to do marketing for any new economic EV just launched?

Ans:- To do Marketing for any new EV just launched we should have strong distribution network in every country and should have extensive product range in a market. The price of the EV should not be high or low also share marketing helps for any new EV which is just launched.

6)  Write down a list of 20 new terms you studied and learned in this module. 

Ans:- i) Electric vehicles have Motors which are used for its propulsion.

ii) Electric vehicles have one or two Motors.

iii) Electric vehicles have rechargeable batteries in it.

iv) The rechargeable batteries power the motor.

v) Electric vehicles have controllers which helps in controlling the vehicles. 

vi) BEV, PHEV HEV and FCEV are four types of electric vehicles.

vii) Electric vehicles do not requires any fossil fuel and that's why they does not pollute the     environment.

viii) Electric vehicles operates with the help of battery.

ix) The mechanism of electric vehicles are not as complex as combustion engines.

x) Electric vehicles are still expensive.

xi) The price can be reduced by the production in a large scale.

xii) The electric vehicles design is different from correctional diesel engine.

xiii) Electric vehicles have batteries as a power source whereas conversional diesel engine  have diesel.

xiv) Motor are used in electric vehicles and combustion type engine are used in diesel engine.

xv) In present days the electric vehicles are not used instead of it fuel type engine are used.

xvi) Electric vehicles have smaller capacity.

xvii) Electric vehicles are limited by range and speed.

xviii) Electric car are expensive to use.

xiv) We should have strong marketing networks for the marketing of electric vehicles.

xx) We should have extensive range of electric vehicles in market. 

 

 

Optical Fiber Cables Introduction

Optical Fiber Cables

1.   Definition and Construction

 The construction of an optical fiber cable has been shown in figure.It consists of an inner glass core surrounded by a glass cladding which has a lower refractive index. Digital signals are transmitted in the form of intensity-modulated light signal which is trapped in the glass core. Light is launched into the fiber using a light source such as a light emitting diode (LED) or Laser.It is detected on the other side using a photo detector such as a phototransistor. The optical fiber cables are costlier than the other two types but they have several advantages over the other two types*.

2. Special Characteristics

The characteristics of optical fiber cables may be listed as under:

(i) Higher bandwidth therefore can operate at higher data rates

(ii) Reduced losses as the signal attenuation is low

(iii) Distortion is reduced hence better quality is assured.

(iv) They are immune to electromagnetic interferences.

(v) Small size and light weight

(vi) Used for point-to-point communication

3. Applications

(i) Optical fiber transmission systems are widely used in the backbone of networks. Current optical fiber systems provide transmission rates from 45 Mb/s to 9.6 Gb/s using the single wavelength transmission.

(ii) The installation cost of ontical fibers is higher than that for the co-axial or twisted wire

cables.

(iii) Optical fibers are now used in the telephone systems.

(iv) In the local area networks (LANS).

4. Advantages of Optical Fibers

Some of the advantages of fiber optic communication over the conventional means of

communication may be listed as under:

(i)Small Size and Light Weight: The size (diameter) of the optical fibers is very small (it is comparable to the diameter of human hair). Therefore, a large number of optical fibers can fit into a cable of small diameter.

(ii) Easy availability and low cost: The material used for the manufacturing of optical fibers is silica glass. This material is easily available. Hence, the optical fibers cost lower than the cables with metallic conductors. (iii) No electrical or Electromagnetic interference: Since the transmission takes place in the form of light rays the signal is not affected due to any electrical or electromagnetic interference. (iv) Large bandwidth: As the light rays have a very high frequency in the GHz range bandwidth of the optical fiber extremely large. This allows transmission of more number of channel Therefore, the information carrying capacity of an optical fiber is much higher than that of a ge axial cable. (v) Other advantages: In addition to the advantages discussed earlier, the optical fiber communication has the following other advantages: (i) No crosstalk inside the optical fiber cable (ii) Signal can be transmitted upto 100 times faster (iii) Intermediate amplifier are not required as the transmission losses in the fiber are low (iv) Ground loops are absent (v) Installation is easy as the fiber optic cables are flexible (vi) These cables are not affected by the drastic environmental conditions Because of all these advantages the optical fiber cable is replacing the conventional metallic conductor cable rapidly in many areas. 5. Drawback of Optical Fiber Some of the drawbacks of optical communication system may be listed as under: (i) Sophisticated plants are required for manufacturing optical fibers (ii) The initial cost incurred is high (iii) Joining the optical fibers is a difficult job.